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VODcasts and video

Online video: formats and access standards
Captioning tools and video resources

Online video: formats and access standards

Content is now being offered in downloadable forms on the internet.  Much of this content is provided with access features in its original form (such as a cinema release, DVD, or television program), but in almost all instances these access features are NOT carried across to downloadable and internet versions.

Some of the lack of progress can be explained by the wide variety of media player formats (such as QuickTime, Windows Media, RealPlayer etc) leading to a lack of simple production and delivery requirements.  However, this is balanced by the sheer volume of material available with captions in its original form which should be carried over into the realm of new media.

Also, consider the requirements matrix table, sourced from the accessibility.nl website that shows the relationship between accessible video and guideline compliance.

For developers, Boston-based National Center for Accessible Media (NCAM) committed to establishing and managing the Internet Captioning Forum (ICF). This Forum is a collaboration between NCAM, AOL, Google, Microsoft and Yahoo! to address technical issues associated with repurposing captions from broadcasts and other sources for the web.

The ICF have created a comparison chart which identifies the accessibility features of each format, allowing developers to effectively introduce accessibility features such as captioning and an audio described soundtrack.  The original chart can be found on the NCAM website and is reproduced below:

Player

Video format(s)

Caption format supported

Descriptions supported

Misc.

Flash

FLV (all) SWF, MP3 (CCforFlash only)

DXFP (all) QTtext (CCforFlash only)

Yes (embedded)

CC for Flash component/CS3 component are used to display captions

QuickTime

MOV, AVI, WAV, MP4, others

QTtext (via SMIL or embedded text tracks

Yes (via SMIL or embedded audio tracks)

SMIL support based on partial implementation of version 1.0, but is sufficient for inclusion of captions and descriptions.

RealPlayer

RM, AVI, WAV, others

RealText (via SMIL)

Yes (SMIL)

Nearly 100% support of SMIL 2.0, but extended descriptions are better supported through a SMIL 1.0 workaround.

Windows Media Player

Windows Media, AVI, WAV, others

SAMI (Windows only)

No

Playback of Windows Media on the Mac provided by Flip4Mac plug-in for the QuickTime Player. Flip4Mac does not support SAMI captions.

Descriptions can only be provided as part of the main soundtrack.


The incorporation of captioning requirements into the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.0 and the adoption of these guidelines in policy and legislation indicate that accessible video should be seen as an essential requirement by developers. The Requirements Matrix table below, sourced from the accessibility.nl website, show the relationship between accessible video and guideline compliance.


WCAG
1-A
WCAG
1-AA
WCAG
1-AAA
Web
Guidelines
WCAG
2-A
WCAG
2-AA
WCAG
2-AAA
WCAG
samurai
A Prerecorded
1 (Closed) Captions X X X X X X X X
2 (Closed) Audio description X X X X OR X X X
3 Full text alternative



OR
X
4 Audio description







5 Sign language





X
B Live (Recorded/Archived)
1 (Closed) Captions X X X X
X X X
2 (Closed) Audio description X X X a a a a a
3 Full text alternative







4 Audio description







5 Sign language





X
C Live (Not recorded/Not archived)
1 (Closed) Captions X X X X
X X X
2 (Closed) Audio description X X X a a a a a
3 Vol tekst alternatief







4 Audio description







5 Sign language







D Decorative
1 Only descriptive label X X X X X X X X
E Audio (incl. Podcasts - Recorded/Archived)
1 Captions voor talk X X X X X X X X
2 Transcript for mainly music







Captioning tools and video resources

NCAM has created guidelines for content providers who want to include audio description and captions on iTunes U media. Step-by-step documentation is provided on how to create accessible media, including both closed and open captions and audio description.

Developer resources are also available to assist in integrating accessible video playback into websites. They include: